Is lymphokine a cytokine?
Lymphokines are cytokines that are produced by lymphocytes, hence the name. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that either produce antibodies (B lymphocytes) or directly attack invaders (T lymphocytes).
What does lymphokine mean?
: any of various substances (as an interleukin) of low molecular weight that are not antibodies, are secreted by T cells in response to stimulation by antigens, and have a role (as the activation of macrophages or the enhancement or inhibition of antibody production) in cell-mediated immunity.
What are the four types of cytokines?
Types of Cytokines
- Interferons.
- Chemokines.
- Interleukins (many interleukins are considered to be lymphokines)
- TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
Are interleukins lymphokine?
The name is something of a relic; it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of body cells. The term was coined by Dr Vern Paetkau, University of Victoria. Some interleukins are classified as lymphokines, lymphocyte-produced cytokines that mediate immune responses.
What is the difference between cytokines and lymphokines?
Lymphokines are a subset of cytokines that are produced by a type of immune cell known as a lymphocyte. They are protein mediators typically produced by T cells to direct the immune system response by signaling between its cells.
What is another more general term for a lymphokine?
Cytokine is a general name; other names include lymphokine (cytokines made by lymphocytes), monokine (cytokines made by monocytes), chemokine (cytokines with chemotactic activities), and interleukin (cytokines made by one leukocyte and acting on other leukocytes).
What is the difference between interleukin and cytokine?
Interleukins are a group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells. Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling. They are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, and sometimes the releasing cell itself.
What is the most common cytokine?
IL-4 is the principal cytokine required by B cells to switch to the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies, which mediate immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and help defend against helminth infections. IL-4 also inhibits macrophage activation and most of the effects of IFN-γ on macrophages.
What is the role of interleukins in inflammation?
The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces.