What is false localising signs in neurology?
Neurological signs have been described as “false localising” if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on which neurological examination is based.
Why is 6th nerve palsy a false localising sign?
Abducens palsy can be a false localizing sign with lesions that cause increased intracranial pressure and stretching of the sixth nerve as it ascends the clival area. Abducens nerve palsy is frequently seen as a postviral syndrome in younger patients and as an ischemic mononeuropathy in the adult population.
What are localizing signs?
Signs observed or elicited during the neurologic examination may be thought to be specific localizing signs if their presence indicates a lesion at a specific area in the brain or nervous system [1]. It is true that clinical signs often provide a clear idea of the site and likely nature of a pathologic process.
What are false localising signs?
Neurological signs have been described as “false localising” if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on which neurological examination is based.
What is kernohan notch phenomenon?
Kernohan’s notch phenomenon is the ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge by a supratentorial mass. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST).
What is uncal?
Uncal (Transtentorial) Herniation. The uncus is the most medial part of the temporal lobe. When it is squeezed against the tentorium, it exerts pressure on the third cranial (oculomotor) nerve as it leaves the midbrain and travels along the free edge of the tentorium.
What causes Wallenberg syndrome?
Wallenberg syndrome (WS) is a neurological disorder that is due to damage to the lateral portion of the medulla oblongata (i.e., the lateral medullary syndrome). WS is typically due to ischemia from a vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction.
What is Transtentorial herniation?
A transtentorial herniation is the movement of brain tissue from one intracranial compartment to another. This includes uncal, central, and upward herniation. These are life-threatening and time-critical pathologies that may be reversible with emergent surgical intervention and medical management.
What is kernohan notch?
What is Wallenberg?
Wallenberg syndrome is a rare condition in which an infarction, or stroke, occurs in the lateral medulla. The lateral medulla is a part of the brain stem. Oxygenated blood doesn’t get to this part of the brain when the arteries that lead to it are blocked. A stroke can occur due to this blockage.