How do you find the spreadability of ointment?

Spreadability test Cream base should spread easily without too much drag and should not produce greater friction in the rubbing process. Spreadability was calculated using the spreadability apparatus made of wooden board with scale and two glass slides having two pans on both sides mounted on a pulley.

Which is evaluation test for ointments?

Test of non- irritancy The bases used in the formulation of ointments may cause irritation or allergic reactions. Non-irritancy of the preparation is evaluated by patch test. In this test 24 human volunteers are selected.

What is spreadability in pharmacy?

Spreadability of gels, creams, ointments and lotions is the net result of a combination of rheological contributions, of which viscosity is just one.

How is spreadability measured?

Typical Methods & Fixtures for Spreadability Measurement in action: Typical physical properties that can be obtained from a texture analysis graph: Work of shear, ease of spreading, firmness, stickiness. A wide range of attachments is available for measuring texture analysis properties.

How do you describe spreadability?

SPREADABILITY is the ease with which a product can be spread. It is commonly a desired characteristic of margarines, butter, jams, chocolate spreads, etc. but is also an important characteristic of ointments, creams and waxes.

Which are not evaluation parameter of ointment?

Hence, allergy is not an evaluation parameter.

What is the formulation of ointment?

Typical ointment bases comprise petrolatum and mineral oil, or petrolatum and waxy/fatty alcohol combinations, the ratio and grades of these components being selected to give the desired finished product viscosity/spreadability.

What is spreadability of cream?

Spreadability is the ability of a cream to spread on the skin. It plays an important role in the administration of a standard dose of a medicated formulation to the skin and the efficacy of a topical therapy.

What is the viscosity of cream?

Cream is not truly viscous, exhibiting thixotropic properties. With age, the body of cream increases rapidly for a few hours and more slowly for 48 hours. Agitation reduces the viscosity.

What is spreadability in cosmetics?

What is the rheological Behaviour of a cream?

Cosmetic creams and lotions generally show shear-thinning behavior. This means that the viscosity is not a constant value, but depends on the shear intensity. This correlation is described using the shear rate. How strong the shear is during spreading depends on the sample and application.

Does viscosity affect spreadability?

Contexts in source publication. is a function of structural viscosity: the lower the viscosity, the higher is the spreadability.

What are the methods of preparing ointments briefly describe each?

1. Fusion, in which ingredients are melted together and stirred to ensure homogeneity. 2. Trituration, in which finely subdivided insoluble medicaments are evenly distributed by grinding with a small amount of the base or one of its ingredients followed by dilution with gradually increasing amounts of the base.

What affects the viscosity of cream?

One of the main factors affecting the viscosity of cream is the physical state of the butterfat therein. The butterfat of fresh cream occurs mainly as individual globules, ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 22 microns.

How do you increase the viscosity of cream?

16. The process for increasing the viscosity of cream, which comprises adding an acid to the cream substantially less than that which would impart an acid taste to the-cream, and heating the acid-treated cream to less than 100 C., and cooling the cream to produce a cream having a marked viscosity increase.

Which method is used for preparing ointment?

Fusion method In the fusion technique, drugs and other solids are dissolved in an ointment base and then combined. By melting the ingredient into the base, the soluble constituents are dissolved. After speculation or trituration, the congeal mixture is smoothed out.

Which of the following method is used in preparation of ointments?

Both a & b Trituration & Fusion, Chemical Reaction & Emulsification are the types of method of preparation of Ointment.

How do you determine spreadability characteristics of official creams and ointments?

Spreadability characteristics of official creams and ointments of the British Pharmacopoeia and the British Pharmaceutical Codex were determined using the Master Curve concept and continuous shear data.

Why are the spreading properties of ointments so different?

Ointments demonstrated large variations in spreading properties. The variation and lack of optimum spreadability characteristics were explained by considering the medicinal criteria required of topical pharmaceutical products as distinct from cosmetics.

What is spreadability?

SPREADABILITY is the ease with which a product can be spread. It is commonly a desired characteristic of margarines, butter, jams, chocolate spreads, etc. but is also an important characteristic of ointments, creams and waxes.

What is spreadability of gels?

Spreadability of gels, creams, ointments and lotions is the net result of a combination of rheological contributions, of which viscosity is just one.