What is IRF transcription factor?
The Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play pivotal roles in many aspects of the immune response, including immune cell development and differentiation and regulating responses to pathogens.
What is proliferation in breast cancer?
Cell proliferation is how quickly a cancer cell copies its DNA and divides into 2 cells. If the cancer cells are dividing more rapidly, it means the cancer is faster growing or more aggressive. The rate of cancer cell proliferation can be estimated by doing a Ki-67 test.
What does IRF3 produce?
IRF3 also functions as a negative regulator of gene expression, where, for example, IRF3 is directly recruited to the Il12b gene promoter and enhancer on RLR or cytosolic DNA sensor stimulation, where it suppresses Il12b mRNA induction by competing with IRF5, the bona fide transcriptional activator for the gene …
What is considered a high Ki-67 score in breast cancer?
Understanding Your Ki-67 Results Less than 10% is considered low. 20% or higher is considered high.
What causes type 1 interferon production?
a | Infected cells of the vertebrate body produce type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection and/or contact with viral products. Feedback of type I IFNs onto infected and bystander cells leads to the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which function to block the viral replication cycle.
What produces interferon type1?
Innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), produce type I IFNs after sensing pathogen components using various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are found on the plasma membrane, in endosomes and throughout the cytosol.
Is Ki-67 the same as Oncotype?
Background: Immunohistological assessment of Ki 67 expression is less expensive than Oncotype Dx, which is currently used to identify patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer, who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
What happens if transcription does not occur?
If a gene is not transcribed in a cell, it can’t be used to make a protein in that cell. If a gene does get transcribed, it is likely going to be used to make a protein (expressed). In general, the more a gene is transcribed, the more protein that will be made.
What genes does STAT activate?
Both STAT1 and p53 activate the p21 gene promoter (89, 90) and they both bind to p300/CREB binding protein (CBP) at different sites suggest that they may form a complex with CBP to regulate p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway (91).